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树莓派一键备份脚本 树莓派备份脚本优点：备份后的镜像在恢复时会自动扩容空间运行sudo bash backup.sh将在当前路径生成备份文件生成的镜像名为raspi-backup.img#!/bin/bash set -e #当命令以非零状态退出时，则退出shell Color_End="\033[0m" Color_Red="\033[31m" Color_Green="\033[32m" if [ `id -un` != "root" ];then echo -e "$Color_Red权限不足，退出脚本！ $Color_End" exit 1 fi # 设置文件存放目录 BACKUP_DIR=`pwd` BACK_UP_DIR=$BACKUP_DIR/raspi-backup FILE=$BACK_UP_DIR/raspi-backup.img #备份后的img文件名 mkdir $BACK_UP_DIR #安装必要的软件安装包 echo -e "$Color_Green安装必要的软件...$Color_End" apt-get install -qq -y dosfstools dump parted kpartx rsync apt-get clean #创建镜像img文件 echo -e "$Color_Green创建img文件...$Color_End" ROOT=`df -P | grep /dev/root | awk '{print $3}'` #获取 ROOT的文件大小 MMCBLK0P1=`df -P | grep /dev/mmcblk0p1 | awk '{print $2}'` #获取主目录的文件大小 ALL=`echo $ROOT $MMCBLK0P1 | awk '{print int(($1+$2)*1.1)}'` #生成一个比原文件大200M的IMG文件 echo "预计生成文件大小：$(($ALL/1024))MB" echo "root 大小是 $(($ROOT/1024))MB" echo "boot 大小是 $(($MMCBLK0P1/1024))MB" echo "文件路径是 $FILE" dd if=/dev/zero of=$FILE bs=1K count=$ALL status=progress #格式化分区 echo -e "$Color_Green格式化root和boot...$Color_End" P1_START=`fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0 | grep /dev/mmcblk0p1 | awk '{print $2}'` P1_END=`fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0 | grep /dev/mmcblk0p1 | awk '{print $3}'` P2_START=`fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0 | grep /dev/mmcblk0p2 | awk '{print $2}'` echo "boot_start is :$P1_START .boot_end is : $P1_END .rootfs_start is :$P2_START" parted $FILE --script -- mklabel msdos parted $FILE --script -- mkpart primary fat32 ${P1_START}s ${P1_END}s parted $FILE --script -- mkpart primary ext4 ${P2_START}s -1 parted $FILE --script -- quit # mount echo -e "$Color_Green挂载分区...$Color_End" loopdevice_dst=`losetup -f --show $FILE` echo "loop分区在 $loopdevice_dst" PART_BOOT="/dev/dm-0" PART_ROOT="/dev/dm-1" sleep 1 device_dst=`kpartx -va $loopdevice_dst | sed -E 's/.*(loop[0-9])p.*/\1/g' | head -1` sleep 1 device_dst="/dev/mapper/${device_dst}" sleep 1 mkfs.vfat ${device_dst}p1 -n boot sleep 1 mkfs.ext4 ${device_dst}p2 -L rootfs sleep 1 # 复制文件到img echo -e "$Color_Green复制文件到img...$Color_End" echo "备份分区 /dev/boot" dst_boot_path=$BACK_UP_DIR/dst_boot mkdir $dst_boot_path mount -t vfat ${device_dst}p1 $dst_boot_path cp -rfp /boot/* $dst_boot_path echo "备份boot完成" echo "备份分区 /dev/root" dst_root_path=$BACK_UP_DIR/dst_root mkdir $dst_root_path sleep 1 mount -t ext4 ${device_dst}p2 $dst_root_path cd $dst_root_path chmod 777 $dst_root_path/ #通过rsync复制根目录文件到IMG镜像中，排除了一些不需要同步的文件 rsync -ax --info=progress2 --no-inc-recursive \ --exclude="$FILE" \ --exclude=$BACK_UP_DIR \ --exclude=$BACKUP_DIR/$0 \ --exclude=/sys/* \ --exclude=/proc/* \ --exclude=/tmp/* / $dst_root_path/ echo "备份root完成" # 设置自动扩展空间 echo -e "$Color_Green设置自动扩展空间 ...$Color_End" sed -i 's/exit 0/sudo bash \/expand-rootfs.sh \&/' $dst_root_path/etc/rc.local echo "exit 0" >> $dst_root_path/etc/rc.local cat > $dst_root_path/expand-rootfs.sh << EOF #!/bin/bash sed -i '/sudo bash \/expand-rootfs.sh &/d' /etc/rc.local rm "\`pwd\`/\$0" echo -e "\033[33m两秒后扩展分区空间！\033[0m" sleep 2 raspi-config --expand-rootfs echo -e "\033[33my一秒后重启系统！\033[0m" sleep 1 reboot EOF #返回目录 $BACKUP_DIR cd $BACKUP_DIR sync #替换PARTUUID 这步非常重要，liunx启动时会对PARTUUID有特定的指定，备份的时候是把旧的也同步过来，需要根据新的IMG文件来更新PARTUUID echo -e "$Color_Green替换PARTUUID ...$Color_End" opartuuidb=`blkid -o export /dev/mmcblk0p1 | grep PARTUUID` opartuuidr=`blkid -o export /dev/mmcblk0p2| grep PARTUUID` npartuuidb=`blkid -o export ${device_dst}p1 | grep PARTUUID` npartuuidr=`blkid -o export ${device_dst}p2 | grep PARTUUID` echo "BOOT uuid $opartuuidb 替换为 $npartuuidb" echo "ROOT uuid $opartuuidr 替换为 $npartuuidr" sed -i "s/$opartuuidr/$npartuuidr/g" $dst_boot_path/cmdline.txt sed -i "s/$opartuuidb/$npartuuidb/g" $dst_root_path/etc/fstab sed -i "s/$opartuuidr/$npartuuidr/g" $dst_root_path/etc/fstab #清理释放装载的文件夹 echo -e "$Color_Green清理释放装载的文件夹...$Color_End" umount $dst_boot_path umount $dst_root_path kpartx -d ${device_dst}p1 kpartx -d ${device_dst}p2 kpartx -d $loopdevice_dst losetup -d $loopdevice_dst rm -rf $dst_boot_path rm -rf $dst_root_path chmod 766 $FILE mv $FILE $BACKUP_DIR rm -rf $BACK_UP_DIR echo -e "$Color_Green备份完成。$Color_End" exit 0
